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Compare Arctic Ocean (2008) - American Samoa (2001)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2008) z American Samoa (2001)

 Arctic Ocean (2008)American Samoa (2001)
 Arctic OceanAmerican Samoa
Administrative divisions - none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts and two islands* at the second order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western
Age structure - 0-14 years:
38.44% (male 13,278; female 12,512)

15-64 years:
56.57% (male 18,784; female 19,163)

65 years and over:
4.99% (male 1,779; female 1,568) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock
Airports - 4 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
2

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies		 total:
199 sq km

land:
199 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Rose Island and Swains Island
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US slightly larger than Washington, DC
Background The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. Settled as early as 1000 B. C., Samoa was "discovered" by European explorers in the 18th century. International rivalries in the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year.
Birth rate - 24.88 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants)

expenditures:
$127 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY96/97)
Capital - Pago Pago
Climate polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 45,389 km 116 km
Constitution - ratified 1966, in effect 1967
Country name - conventional long form:
Territory of American Samoa

conventional short form:
American Samoa

abbreviation:
AS
Currency - US dollar (USD)
Death rate - 4.31 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status - unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior
Diplomatic representation from the US - none (territory of the US)
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (territory of the US)
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) none
Economic aid - recipient - important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. This is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts the great bulk of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being. Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism, a developing sector, has been held back by the recurring financial difficulties in East Asia.
Electricity - consumption - 120.9 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 130 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m		 lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Lata 966 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines
Ethnic groups - Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5%
Exchange rates - the US dollar is used
Executive branch - chief of state:
President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001)

head of government:
Governor Tauese P. SUNIA (since 3 January 1997) and Lieutenant Governor Togiola TULAFONO (since 3 January 1997)

cabinet:
NA

elections:
US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results:
Tauese P. SUNIA reelected governor; percent of vote - Tauese P. SUNIA (Democrat) 50.7%, Lealaifuaneva Peter REID (independent) 47.8%
Exports - $500 million (1998)
Exports - commodities - canned tuna 93%
Exports - partners - US 99.6%
Fiscal year - 1 October - 30 September
Flag description - blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club
GDP - purchasing power parity - $500 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $8,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - NA%
Geographic coordinates 90 00 N, 0 00 E 14 20 S, 170 00 W
Geography - note major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean
Highways - total:
350 km

paved:
150 km

unpaved:
200 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $471 million (1996)
Imports - commodities - materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6%
Imports - partners - US 62%, Japan 9%, NZ 7%, Australia 11%, Fiji 4%, other 7%
Independence - none (territory of the US)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - tuna canneries (largely dependent on foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts
Infant mortality rate - 10.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - NA%
International organization participation - ESCAP (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, SPC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land - NA sq km
Judicial branch - High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)
Labor force - 14,000 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation - government 33%, tuna canneries 34%, other 33% (1990)
Land boundaries - 0 km
Land use - arable land:
5%

permanent crops:
10%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
70%

other:
15% (1993 est.)
Languages - Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English

note:
most people are bilingual
Legal system - NA
Legislative branch - bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms)

elections:
House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results:
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - only independents elected

note:
American Samoa elects one delegate to the US House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate for a sixth term
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
75.32 years

male:
70.89 years

female:
80.02 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
98%

female:
97% (1980 est.)
Location body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references Arctic Region Oceania
Maritime claims - exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the US
National holiday - Flag Day, 17 April (1900)
Nationality - noun:
American Samoan(s)

adjective:
American Samoan
Natural hazards ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May typhoons common from December to March
Natural resources sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) pumice, pumicite
Net migration rate - 3.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Democratic Party [leader NA]; Republican Party [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population - 67,084 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 2.42% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Aunu'u (new construction), Auasi, Faleosao, Ofu, Pago Pago, Ta'u
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 57,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30%
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.13 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
NA

domestic:
good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 13,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 2,550 (1997)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (1997)
Terrain central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)
Total fertility rate - 3.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Transportation - note sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways -
Unemployment rate - 16% (1993)
Waterways - none
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